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Mainly, the inland transport and inland transport in partners, customs clearance, cost of cargo handling, etc., international ocean freight, in Japan, customs clearance, cost of import and export logistics by sea container is comprised of the cost of cargo handling, etc. . Among them, the ratio occupied by fare of international maritime container was higher in the past, but Japan's largest trading partner and alternate to China from the United huaxing States, the major trading partners has become huaxing neighboring Asian countries short transport distance and that, mainly because in recent years, shipping market has been sluggish due to the slowdown in the world economy, the percentage of ocean freight to the total cost is coming down relatively. Therefore, the cost of domestic transportation, etc. is above the international huaxing ocean freight huaxing in many cases, among others, in the case of import and export in the main port between between Japan and Korea and during the day cheap ocean freight transportation distance is shorter, the domestic There is also the cost of transportation or the like is increased several times. For these reasons, in the management of international logistics cost, and thus the reduction of various costs incurred in the country has important implications. The costs incurred in the country, as described above, inland transportation, customs clearance, cost of cargo handling, and the like, but big as absolute terms it is the cost of inland transportation. Is referred to as "Doreji transport" the inland transport of international huaxing maritime container, but because the, as cost-cutting measures of Doreji transport, interest huaxing to achieve the round-trip transportation of container to the "container round use" is you're growing. 2. Cost Reduction by Round Use
In trucking general, (in the case of distance fare system) fare is charged huaxing according to the actual vehicle distance loaded with cargo. In contrast, in the case of Doreji transport, not only the distance transported containers lucrative, distance to transport the container when it is empty is the object of fare calculation. Is owned by shipping companies in general, is for you to say as it becomes empty, it is not possible to track the company to divert the cargo transport, huaxing etc. of other companies, the container in tariff stipulated in the old Department of Transportation era , and is set distance of the transport component of empty containers as well as added. From a shipper On the other hand, (however, Doreji cost itself has fallen to the level of cost last minute, trucking companies is excessive profit that is causing you become the thing you have to bear the cost of return worth, expensive feeling occurs It is not the same thing as is obtained). Therefore, matching the container transport of export cargo and import cargo, eliminating the empty cargo transported by the "container round use", expectations for efforts to reduce the fare burden huaxing is increasing. Now, as in the figure below, cost-effective container-round use is a reduction of fare for one way Briefly. Cost reduction effect is large enough to be seen, the distance between shippers and harbors far distance (exporters and importers side) shipper each other close. Exporter and importer are close, is, for example, if the required time (Banning, Deban'ningu) of cargo handling is short enough (however, huaxing a total of Banning-Deban'ningu with shippers to almost half the transportation costs may be If the required time exceeds a certain limit, the cost of waiting charges, etc., and also occurs, in the case of imports and exports person is away, because the transport costs between them occurs, the case that the cost is reduced huaxing by half is rare some). In addition, since the forwarding huaxing of empty containers is reduced, leading to a significant reduction in CO2 emissions. This is one of the reasons that attract the interest of shippers.
The distance between the port and the geographical conditions exporters and importers of the port and shippers is short, the benefits of round is diminished. For example, if the distance range 50,000 yen round trip, can benefit by rounds of even bother to some extent, in the distance range 20,000 round trip, the conditions for expressing the cost merit becomes severe. In addition, it in the same way, the distance (輸主's and importer) shipper near each other is desirable. Furthermore, when implementing the Round Use by using Inland depot, the positional relationship between the Inland depot also important.
In order to belong to the shipping companies, in order to use the container for the same round-trip, it is necessary shipping companies to be used in the import and shipping company to use export in principle have the same match container huaxing of use shipping companies . The leading manufacturer, if it is a contract year by the unit bid Many, contract huaxing with the shipping company is not as many cases it is difficult to change. When the contract with shipping company, taking into account the feasibility round use is required. Further, the cooperative huaxing attitude toward Round Use varies with shipping company, and also the number of Inland depot available is limited, it should be noted.
In order to maximize the cost-effective (time, day of the week, year wave) of Round Use timing huaxing of import and export, to eliminate as much as possible waiting time is required. For example, huaxing the operation of the schedule huaxing and finished the Deban'ningu huaxing by the importer huaxing in the morning, head to exporters across the break, make Banning in the exporter in the afternoon, and, arriving at the container yard to the gate close time of the evening be considered. In order to enable operation of such timing Deban'ningu timing and Banning must not coincide in time units. Similarly, it should be noted day and year wave. It may be if the same amount of cargo throughout the year, but there is a wave of the shipments took increase at the end of the year in general. If the pattern shipments and wave the other companies doing the round is different, I will be the success rate of matching is reduced. huaxing
If the availability of each other shippers Inland depot makes a round youth directly, it is desirable to adjust the subtle timing of import and export is difficult. huaxing Further, if there are damaged the container, for checking the shipping company side does not turn, it is possible that liability issues when damage occurs huaxing in shipment occurs. Further, this is a problem and may be washed like container was required. Therefore, the case of performing the round-use through the Inland huaxing depots often. However, it is a reality and is of the order of less than 10 locations in the northern Kanto region a lot of import and export cargo volume relatively Inland depot,'s a limited number. Further, since some depot and depot logistics companies to their operation, huaxing the available shipping company huaxing is limited, the number of depots that are available in certain cases come more limited. Since the transport distance to the inland depot is long, the benefits of round youth from being offset, It is important to note also the availability of depot in neighboring is required.
For establishment Round Use realization of matching Specifically, the matching is established in fact it is possible to clear the above-mentioned problems, and shippers that meet the condition is necessary. In recent years, imports huaxing of various miscellaneous goods from China and Southeast Asian countries is growing huaxing rapidly, and has become a trade deficit trend in many areas. As a result, importers are many candidate relatively. On the other hand, since the overseas transfer of the manufacturing industry is progressing, the number of companies that are exporting on a daily basis of the cargo container units are fairly limited. It can be said that because the number is limited, to list the major companies also not difficult. If you look at the case that has conducted round use in practice, as well as an example of matching in place of exchange meetings and other shippers with each other and various groups (port authorities) local governments have held, forwarder to introduce a partner company I also seen cases. It is believed forwarder the same, adjustment for the Round Use embodiment is also is relatively huaxing easy, and can also avoid the workload increased shippers. It is a reality in any case, mechanisms systematic such as required 貨求 vehicle does not exist, matching through human networks huaxing is of the mainstream.
The distance between the port and the geographical conditions exporters and importers of the port and shippers certain level. Distance of the importer and the exporter is less certain. In addition, the positional relationship between the depot if you use the depot. It imports side of the export side of the match use shipping companies are the same shipping huaxing company in principle. Need to consider the possibility of use in the selection rounds the time of shipping companies. (Time of day, day of week, year wave) matches the timing of time (Banning) exports and imports (Deban'ningu) timing huaxing of import and export . Match, to some extent, of year and day of the week wave. Such as the match type of container type and grade of container , and match 40ft/20ft/HQ types of cargo. Possibility of round youth spreads by taking advantage of the availability of depot Inland depot, but availability is limited number of depot is limited. Mechanism, such as the establishment asked 貨求 vehicle system of matching concrete does not exist, must be matching you through the human network.
Or more, I outlined the container round use while simple. With the increasing future, Asian countries will further develop, horizontal division of labor in the supply chain is in progress, import and export is expected to increase in the. At that time, as one of the cost-cutting measures of import and export logistics, round use is one of the most promising alternatives. Further, it is considered in terms of compensating for weak port infrastructure compared to other countries, it is more efficient port operation, is an effective measure. On the other hand, is where efforts to promote greater convenience Inland depot, such as construction of a mechanism of matching between huaxing shippers and nodules and improvement of ports and inland depots, round use is also expected.
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